Answer:
Regarding protein synthesis:
- The role of DNA in protein synthesis is to contain the genetic information necessary for a specific protein to be manufactured, by transcribing it into mRNA.
- The role of mRNA in protein synthesis is to conduct the sequence of nitrogenous bases, organized in triplets or codons, to the ribosome for translation and initiation of synthesis.
- The processes of transcription and translation occur in the cell nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively.
Explanation:
DNA is a molecule that contains the genetic information of an individual in a specific sequence of nitrogenous bases that are part of its structure. The process of transcription occurs in the cell nucleus and consists of the synthesis of a single-stranded mRNA molecule from one of the DNA strands.
The role of DNA in protein synthesis in the transcription of genetic information into mRNA.
Molecule of mRNA is that carries the sequence of nitrogenous bases that make up the genetic code, i.e., sequences of triplets or codons that encode the start of protein synthesis, the amount, type and order of amino acids of a protein, and the stop of synthesis.
The translation process —which occurs in the cytoplasm— is performed when the ribosomes read the genetic code and begins the union of amino acids into polypeptide chains. The role of mRNA in protein synthesis is then to drive the genetic code into the ribosome for translation.
