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Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 – September 28, 1895) was a French chemist and microbiologist. Pasteur was familiar with Redi’s work and was fascinated by the idea that covering meat could protect it from growing maggots or other organisms that could cause disease. Pasteur devised the process of pasteurization, which is the process of heating liquids to kill bacteria and other germs that may be present. This process is still widely used today to make sure that many of the liquids we drink are safe, such as milk and juice. There are other pasteurized foods too, like syrups, vinegar, and cheese.


So how did Pasteur disprove spontaneous generation? Pasteur used a special flask to show that sterile broth will remain sterile unless exposed to the environment.


Pasteur used a special flask to demonstrate that heating a liquid kills bacteria. His experiments also showed that the broth would stay clear if the bacteria were trapped in the flask’s neck. If he broke the neck off the flask, the broth was soon full of bacteria.


Pasteur put clear meat broth into a flask with a curved neck. The shape of the flask allowed air to enter but kept out bacteria. He heated the flask to boiling and let it sit for several days.


When he returned, the broth was still clear because the bacteria were trapped in the neck of the flask. Then, he went one step further: he broke the neck off the flask, exposing the broth to air. A few days later, the broth was cloudy! Pasteur concluded that bacteria cannot suddenly arise from the broth. Bacteria can only be produced from living bacteria. Life comes from life!


The experiments by Redi and Pastuer helped to convince people that spontaneous generation was not based on fact, that life must exist first to reproduce and create more life.



Describe Pasteur’s results and how they helped disprove spontaneous generation.

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Louis Pasteur's 1859 experiment is widely seen as having settled the question of spontaneous generation. He boiled a meat broth in a swan neck flask. The bend in the neck of the flask prevented falling particles from reaching the broth, while still allowing the free flow of air.