Answer:
during the period of the Romans Republic there were five types of elected executive officers of state: the consuls (heads of the Republic and military commanders), the praetors (chiefs justices and military commanders) the censors (who carried out the census, oversaw public morals, managed the roll of senators and commissioned and funded public works) the aediles (who performed many municipal administrative functions) and the quaestors (treasures). They were elected annually, except for the censors who were elected every 18 months). These officers also hired scribes (bureaucrats) to assist them.
During the period of rule by emperors the civil servants were appointees of the emperor who worked in the various offices the imperial administration.
