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Affirmative action is the practice of favoring groups that have been previously discriminated against to help them be integrated into parts of society which they were not really able to be a part of before.
A. Adarant Constructors, Inc. v. Pena deals with an issue similar to affirmative action, but it had to do with companies receiving bonuses for contracting minority groups. The ruling was more in the direction of being against affirmative action as it said that things like that would have to be reviewed under "strict scrutiny" and that past suffering of minority groups does not imply present struggles, so this answer is incorrect.
B. Brown v. Board of Education states that schools may not be segregated on the basis of race. This was a landmark case during the Civil Rights movement, although it does not specifically have to do with affirmative action, so this is answer is incorrect.
C. Miranda v. Arizona has to do with different rights in court and being informed about rights given in the Constitution, especially the 5th amendment, but this doesn't even have anything to do with race, so this is incorrect.
D. This Supreme Court case ruled that requiring a certain number of minority students at universities is unconstitutional, but using affirmative action to accept more minority students is constitutional depending on the situation, so this answer is correct.
The case D. Bakke v. Regents of University of California upheld affirmative action.
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