Primary succession occurs after the occurrence of a severe event that leaves nothing but rocky surfaces. Option B. Lichens will grow on the cooled lava.
What is succession?
The succession term refers to colonization and subsequent changes.
Colonization has been defined as the sequence of events that conduce to the establishment of individuals, populations, species, or bigger groups in areas where they were absent before.
Succession refers to changes produced in the composition and structure of communities after a perturbation. There are different grades of succession according to the perturbation intensity.
What is Primary succession?
In primary succession, the perturbation is so intense that it eliminates all the life forms in the area.
It is the sequence of species appearance in an exposed area that has not been influenced by any other species or community before.
In these cases, the rock gets exposed but it can not be colonized directly. The new area needs to suffer erosion and different chemical and physical processes that fragment, degrade and dissolve the rock to make colonization possible.
Primary succession occurs after severe events affecting a region, such as a retreating glacier, a volcanic activity, or an intense fire that leave nothing but the exposed rock.
After the disturbance, the order of the living beings establishment depends on the strategies of each of the species to survive.
First, pioneer species arrive. These are the first inhabitants, mostly lichens or plants with the capability of surviving in such an environment. Only a few pioneers can establish in the open space.
Pioneers modify the habitat. They make it more suitable for the posterior establishment of later species, converting rock into fertile soil. As conditions get better, new species arrive like grasses.
Grasses and pioneers keep modifying the ground and making it better with time.
Habitat modification keeps on going while new species establish. They produce shadows and alter the temperature, and humidity, fertilizing the soil.
Competition becomes more frequent between species. The first species are eventually eliminated by competition, while new species keep appearing and competing for resources.
This sequence continues until there is no more facilitation, and the communities reache a climax, becoming stable and lasting for hundreds of years until another disturbance occurs.
In the exposed example, the severe event affecting the Hawaii's Big Island was a volcanoe eruption.
The most likely event observed first in the areas covered by lava would be Lichens will grow on the cooled lava. Option B
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