Natural selection is an evolutive force that favor beneficial alleles increasing their frequency. The correct option is C). variation, inheritance, speciation.
Natural selection is an evolutive force that selects beneficial alleles and increases their frequency in the population. It results from the interaction between the individuals' phenotype and the environment, which determines gene destiny in space and time.
Natural selection results in adaptation, meaning that it causes an increase in the aptitude phenotype.
Aptitude (or fitness) is the contribution of each genotype to the next generation. It is reflected by the phenotype that results in the survival, fertility, and capability of having a mate. It is a way of measuring the individual ability to leave fertile offspring. Aptitude must be significant to the natural selection act in its favor.
Natural selection can act favoring an allele or against it, according to how it affects the fitness of individuals.
In many cases adaptations, resulting from natural selection can be correlated to environmental factors or selective pressures applied by other organisms or habitats.
The selective agent is the environmental trait that determines the differential survival of the phenotypic classes. The environment influences the probability that each genotype passes its gametes to the next generation.
Natural selection also acts on variation caused by mutations. Let us remember that a mutation is a change or alteration in DNI sequences that introduce new variants.
Many of these are eliminated, but some of them might succeed and be incorporated into each individual. These mutations are the ones that have been selected by natural selection.
Hence, a mutation can cause variation. If this variation turns to be beneficial to the population and increases individuals' fitness, it is favored by natural selection.
New generations inherit these new variants increasing their frequency in the population.
According to the environment and the species distribution, these changes might lead to speciation.
The correct option is C) variation, inheritance, speciation
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