Answer:
- Pax Britannica was the period of relative peace between the Great Powers during which the British Empire became the global hegemonic power and adopted the role of a "global policeman"
- (not sure why)
- Jamestown, Virginia
- The British navy used trade to expand and the state revenues, became virtually self-supporting. This brought huge changes to societies, industries, cultures and the lives of people all around the world.
- 412 million people were added to the British Empire in the 19th century
- It is easy to think of the end of the British Empire in terms of a water tap that was simply shut off and therefore ceased to be effective, but in reality the residual impact of Britain’s world domination is still felt in many places today. Whether it be a colony within the British Isles, such as Ireland, or a colony separated by oceans and timezones, such as Australia, British policies made the world England for over two centuries.
---- (Paragraph 2)Coming from a Commonwealth country myself (Canada), British influence on everyday life, although not oppressive or overt, could definitely be felt. As late as the early 90’s it was manditory for schoolchildren to sing God Save the Queen after the Canadian national anthem. There is still a policy of Constitutional Monarchy in Canada which requires both a national representative of the Queen, called the Governor General, and a respresentative for every province, called the Lieutenant Governor. The governmental system of Parliament in Ottawa is modelled after Britain’s own Parliamentary system. ---(paragraph 3)Canada’s situation after the fall of the Empire was somewhat unique in that it was still an integral part of the Commonwealth, but was geographically next to the United States, which had revolted against England and therefore would exert unavoidable influence over Canada. The British Empire was of the opinion that Canada would need to defend itself, but still took an interest in Canadian national defense because of fear of American expansion after the American Civil War. In spite of the formation of the Dominion of Canada through the British North America Act of 1867, it would take almost 120 years before complete legal independance would be achieved. Although the Statute of Westminster in 1931 made it possible for colonies such as Canada and Australia to independently govern themselves while maintaining a relationship with Britain, total legal independance was was achieved by the Canada Act of 1982.
- The First and Second World Wars left Britain weakened and less interested in its empire. Also many parts of the empire contributed troops and resources to the war effort and took an increasingly independent view. This led to a steady decline of the empire after 1945.
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