Answer:
The neural representation of directional heading is encoded by a population of cells located in a circuit that includes the postsubiculum (PoS), anterodorsal thalamus (ADN), and lateral mammillary nuclei (LMN). Throughout this circuit, many cells rely on both movement- and landmark related information to discharge as a function of the animal's directional heading. The POS projects to both the ADN and LMN and these connections may convey critical spatial information about landmarks, since lesions of the Pos disrupt landmark control in head direction (HD) cells and hippocampal place cells (Goodridge and Taube, 1997; Calton et al., 2003). The PoS - ADN projection originates in the deep layers of Pos, but no studies have determined whether the POS - LMN projection originates from the same cells that project to adn
