Answer:
[tex]P(Not\ hobbit\ or\ Not\ Umbrella) = \frac{14}{15}[/tex]
Step-by-step explanation:
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Given
[tex]x = \{elf, hobbit, human\}[/tex] ---- characters
[tex]n(x) =3[/tex]
[tex]y = \{Magic,Sword,Shield,Slingshot,Umbrella\}[/tex] --- tools
[tex]n(y) = 5[/tex]
Required
The probability that your character won't be a hobbit or your tool won't be an umbrella?
First we calculate the probability of choosing a hobbit.
[tex]x = \{elf, hobbit, human\}[/tex]
[tex]n(hobbit) = 1[/tex]
So:
[tex]P(hobit) = \frac{n(hobbit)}{n(x)}[/tex]
[tex]P(hobit) = \frac{1}{3}[/tex]
Using the complement rule, we calculate the probability of not choosing a hobbit
[tex]P(Not\ hobbit) = 1 - P(hobbit)[/tex]
[tex]P(Not\ hobbit) = 1 - \frac{1}{3}[/tex]
[tex]P(Not\ hobbit) =\frac{2}{3}[/tex]
Next, we calculate the probability of choosing an umbrella.
[tex]y = \{Magic,Sword,Shield,Slingshot,Umbrella\}[/tex]
[tex]n(Umbrella) = 1[/tex]
So:
[tex]P(Umbrella) = \frac{n(Umbrella)}{n(y)}[/tex]
[tex]P(Umbrella) = \frac{1}{5}[/tex]
Using the complement rule, we calculate the probability of not choosing an umbrella
[tex]P(Not\ Umbrella) = 1 - \P(Umbrella)[/tex]
[tex]P(Not\ Umbrella) = 1 - \frac{1}{5}[/tex]
[tex]P(Not\ Umbrella) = \frac{4}{5}[/tex]
The required probability is calculated using:
[tex]P(A\ or\ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A)P(B)[/tex]
In this case;
[tex]P(Not\ hobbit\ or\ Not\ Umbrella) = P(Not\ hobbit) + P(Not\ Umbrella) -[/tex] [tex]P(Not\ hobbit)*P(Not\ Umbrella)[/tex]
[tex]P(Not\ hobbit\ or\ Not\ Umbrella) = \frac{2}{3} + \frac{4}{5} - \frac{2}{3} * \frac{4}{5}[/tex]
[tex]P(Not\ hobbit\ or\ Not\ Umbrella) = \frac{2}{3} + \frac{4}{5} - \frac{8}{15}[/tex]
Take LCM
[tex]P(Not\ hobbit\ or\ Not\ Umbrella) = \frac{10+12-8}{15}[/tex]
[tex]P(Not\ hobbit\ or\ Not\ Umbrella) = \frac{14}{15}[/tex]
