A company provided the following GAAP and non-GAAP information:
Income Statement (GAAP)
($ in millions) 2019A
Revenue 732
Cost of goods sold (excl. SBC) 149
Gross profit 583
Research & development 121
Other operating expenses 406
Operating profit 56
Interest expense 145
Other expenses 17
Pretax profit (106)
Taxes (15)
Net income (91)
Non-GAAP Operating profit
($ in millions) 2019A
GAAP Operating profit 56
Amortization of purchased intangible assets 6
Stock based compensation 51
Restructuring expenses 184
non-GAAP operating profit 297
non-GAAP Net income
($ in millions) 2019A
GAAP Net income (91)
Amortization of purchased intangible assets 6
Stock based compensation 51
Restructuring expenses 184
Losses on investments 14
Tax impact of non-GAAP items (65)
non-GAAP Net income 99
Stock based compensation
($ in millions) 2019A
Cost of goods sold 16
Research & development 12
Other operating expenses 23
Stock based compensation 51
Amortization of purchased intangible assets
($ in millions) 2019A
Cost of goods sold 5
Other operating expenses 1
Amortization of purchased intangible assets 6
Cash flow statement
($ in millions) 2019A
GAAP net income 346
Depreciation and amortization 108
Stock based compensation 51
Changes in working capital 8
Other 9
Cash from operations 522
The company above defines adjusted EBITDA is defined as operating profit before depreciation and amortization and excluding non-GAAP items. Based on the information provided, what is 2019 adjusted EBITDA?
a. $414 million
b. $405 million
c. $399 million
d. $170 million