1. The closest star to earth is actually Sun at 93,000,000 miles (150,000,000 km).
2. Stars are different colors such as blue, white, yellow, orange, and red. The color indicates the star's temperature in its photosphere, the layer where the star emits most of its visible light. Thus the correct option is B.
What is star?
A star is a luminous ball of gas containing hydrogen and helium, held together by its own gravity. Nuclear fusion reactions in its core support the star against gravity and produce photons and heat, as well as small amounts of heavier elements.
3. Sirius star also known as the Dog Star or Sirius A, is the brightest star in Earth's night sky. Thus the correct option is D.
4. Stars vary in their mass, size, temperature, color, luminosity, and age. They differ in their distance from earth, and some orbit one or more other stars. The stars differ from each other brightness.
5. Small groups of stars are called star systems, and somewhat larger groups are called star clusters. There are even larger groups of stars, called galaxies. Thus the correct option is D.
Our solar system is in the Milky Way Galaxy, which is just one galaxy in the universe. The patterns of stars seen in the sky are usually called constellations, although more accurately, a group of stars that forms a pattern in the sky is called an asterism.
6. Stars rising in the East, passing overhead, and setting in the West.
Thus the correct option is A.
7. This motion is due to the Earth's rotation. As the spin of the Earth carries us eastward at almost one thousand miles per hour, we see stars rising in the East, passing overhead, and setting in the West. The Sun, Moon, and planets appear to move across the sky much like the stars.
Thus the correct option is D.
8. If you go as far north as the North Pole, you'll see Polaris directly overhead. As you travel south, Polaris drops closer to the northern horizon. If you get as far as the equator, Polaris sinks to the horizon.
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