In 1965, after Khrushchev’s removal from power, the USSR signed a defense treaty that would provide North Vietnam with financial aid, military equipment and advisors. Moscow now became North Vietnam’s main supplier. In November 1968, the Soviet Union and North Vietnam signed a new set of military and economic agreements. The USSR agreed to supply deliveries of food, petroleum, transportation equipment, iron and steel, other metals, fertilizes, arms, munitions and other commodities, for strengthening North Vietnam’s defenses. The causes of the Vietnam War were derived from the symptoms, components and consequences of the Cold War. The Vietnam War and active U.S. involvement in the war began in 1954, though ongoing conflict in the region had stretched back several decades. After the communist forces took power in the north, armed conflict between northern and southern armies continued until a decisive the northern Viet Minh’s decisive victory in the Battle of Dien Bien Phu in May 1954. The French loss at the battle ended almost a century of French colonial rule in Indochina.
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