Answer:
Explanation:
In 1628, English physician William Harvey put forth a radical theory: blood circulates.
This idea may sound simple, but it flew in the face of centuries of medical orthodoxy, and over the next few centuries, it had an unspeakably large impact on physicians, economists, philosophers, and political thinkers. In the words of sociologist Richard Sennett, “A new master image of the body took form.”
One particular area affected by Harvey’s ideas was urban planning. Cities expanded at an exponential rate during the modern era, and city planners adopted Harvey’s idea that healthy living required free circulation.
Accordingly, they sought to make modern cities that resembled the human body. Wide, arterial streets enhanced the movement of people and goods, carrying them swiftly to the commercial heart of the city. A bowel-like system of sewers and pipes efficiently emptied the city of waste. And great green expanses functioned like lungs, letting people breathe freely.
In short, our cities were modeled on us, which makes them a direct reflection of our worldview and values.
Blood
Starting in the 1740s, European cities began putting their new visions of the “healthy city” into place, and by the nineteenth century, the campaign was fully underway. One of the most obvious innovators was Baron Haussmann, a French official who carried out a massive urban renewal program in Paris starting in the 1850s.
