1) How are particles in motion and temperature related?
Temperature is the measure of heat. The kinetic energy of particles in motion is determined by the temperature. The higher the temperature, the higher the kinetic energy of the particles (basically, the hotter it is the faster the particles move).
2) How does a thermometer work?
A thermometer measures the average kinetic energy of the particles around the thermometer. As seen in 1), the kinetic energy defines the temperature, so measuring the energy of the particles can show you the temperature of the object.
3) What are temperature scales, list them and give examples.
Temperature scales are pretty much systems with which we compare different temperatures. The three widely used temperature scales today are Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. All three are used in different countries and mainly for different purposes. Fahrenheit is used only in the United States and a few other countries around the world, while Celsius is excepted by nearly the entire rest of the world. Kelvin is used primarily in the scientific setting.
4) Define volume.
Volume is pretty much the amount of three-dimensional space an object or substance takes up. For example, a liter is a unit of measurement of volume. A two-liter bottle of soda means it contains the amount of soda that fills up 2-liters worth of three-dimensional space.
I hope this helped.
