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1. Which one of the following is not an organic compound? Why? CH4 C2H6O CaO
2. Fill in the chart below to identify and describe the functional groups associated with organic chemistry. Name General Structure Properties/Uses Alcohol Aldehyde Ketone Fatty acid Ether
3. Explain why carbon is called “the backbone” molecule of organic chemistry and why organic molecules couldn't easily be based on H or O instead.

Sagot :

Answer:

1. CaO is not an organic compound because it doesn’t contain a carbon molecule.

2.

Name General Structure Properties/Uses

Alcohol R-OH (contains a hydroxyl group)  Can be poisonous, can be made from fermentation or distillation

Aldehyde R-COH (contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen and single-bonded to a hydrogen)  Makes up formaldehyde and acetaldehyde

Ketone R-CO-R (contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and then connected to carbon chains through the other two single bonds)   Makes up acetone

Fatty acid R-COOH (contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, single-bonded to a hydroxyl, and single-bonded to the carbon chain) Makes up fatty acids like acetic acid and stearic acid; used to form esters

Ether R-O-R (contains double carbon chains connected to an oxygen atom through single bonds)   Ethyl ether is very volatile and flammable, used in veterinary medicine

3. Carbon is able to make four covalent bonds with other elements. This gives it a lot of diversity and the ability to form differently shaped molecules that perform specific functions or fit specific cell receptors in the body. H can form only one bond, and oxygen forms only two bonds, so they don't have as much potential to form a good starting point for organic molecules.

Explanation:

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CaO is not an organic compound because it doesn’t contain a carbon molecule.

Name General Structure Properties/Uses

(which contains a hydroxyl group)  Can be poisonous, can be made from fermentation or distillation

Aldehyde R-COH (contains a carbon atom double-bonded to oxygen and single-bonded to hydrogen)  Makes up formaldehyde and acetaldehyde

Ketone R-CO-1R (contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and then connected to carbon chains through the other two single bonds)   Makes up acetone

Fatty acid R-COOH (contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, single-bonded to a hydroxyl, and single-bonded to the carbon chain) Makes up fatty acids like acetic acid and stearic acid; used to form esters11

Ether -O-R (contains double carbon chains connected to an oxygen atom through single bonds)   Ethyl ether is very volatile and flammable, used in veterinary medicine

Carbon can make four covalent bonds with other elements. This gives it a lot of diversity and the ability to form differently shaped molecules that perform specific functions or fit specific cell receptors in the body. H can form only one bond, and oxygen forms only two bonds, so they don't have as much potential to form a good starting point for organic molecules.

Learn more about organic molecules.

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