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Sagot :
Answer:
0.0070 = 0.70% probability that the proportion of smokers in a sample of 664 males would differ from the population proportion by greater than 3%
Step-by-step explanation:
To solve this question, we need to understand the normal probability distribution and the central limit theorem.
Normal Probability Distribution
Problems of normal distributions can be solved using the z-score formula.
In a set with mean [tex]\mu[/tex] and standard deviation [tex]\sigma[/tex], the z-score of a measure X is given by:
[tex]Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}[/tex]
The Z-score measures how many standard deviations the measure is from the mean. After finding the Z-score, we look at the z-score table and find the p-value associated with this z-score. This p-value is the probability that the value of the measure is smaller than X, that is, the percentile of X. Subtracting 1 by the p-value, we get the probability that the value of the measure is greater than X.
Central Limit Theorem
The Central Limit Theorem establishes that, for a normally distributed random variable X, with mean [tex]\mu[/tex] and standard deviation [tex]\sigma[/tex], the sampling distribution of the sample means with size n can be approximated to a normal distribution with mean [tex]\mu[/tex] and standard deviation [tex]s = \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}}[/tex].
For a skewed variable, the Central Limit Theorem can also be applied, as long as n is at least 30.
For a proportion p in a sample of size n, the sampling distribution of the sample proportion will be approximately normal with mean [tex]\mu = p[/tex] and standard deviation [tex]s = \sqrt{\frac{p(1-p)}{n}}[/tex]
A researcher believes that 9% of males smoke cigarettes.
This means that [tex]p = 0.09[/tex]
Sample of 664
This means that [tex]n = 664[/tex]
Mean and standard deviation:
[tex]\mu = p = 0.09[/tex]
[tex]s = \sqrt{\frac{p(1-p)}{n}} = \sqrt{\frac{0.09*0.91}{664}} = 0.011[/tex]
What is the probability that the proportion of smokers in a sample of 664 males would differ from the population proportion by greater than 3%?
Proportion below 9 - 3 = 6% or above 9 + 3 = 12%. Since the normal distribution is symmetric, these probabilities are equal, so we find one of them and multiply by 2.
Probability the proportion is below 6%
P-value of Z when X = 0.06. So
[tex]Z = \frac{X - \mu}{\sigma}[/tex]
By the Central Limit Theorem
[tex]Z = \frac{X - \mu}{s}[/tex]
[tex]Z = \frac{0.06 - 0.09}{0.011}[/tex]
[tex]Z = -2.7[/tex]
[tex]Z = -2.7[/tex] has a p-value of 0.0035
2*0.0035 = 0.0070
0.0070 = 0.70% probability that the proportion of smokers in a sample of 664 males would differ from the population proportion by greater than 3%
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