operation of SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. The correct option is D.
When a cell membrane moves molecules or ions against a concentration gradient or against an electrical or pressure gradient, the process is called ACTIVE TRANSPORT. Different substances that are actively transported include:
--> sodium ions,
--> potassium ions,
--> calcium ions and
--> some amino acids.
There are two types of active transport which are divided according to the energy that is used to cause the transport. They include:
--> primary and
--> secondary active transport.
PRIMARY ACTIVE TRANSPORT
A typical example is the SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP( Na+ - k+). This is a transport process that pumps sodium ions outward through the cell membrane of all cells and at the same time pumps potassium ions from the outside to the inside. This pump helps to:
--> maintain the sodium and potassium concentration differences across the cell membrane
--> establish a negative electrical voltage inside the cells.
The mechanism or OPERATION of the pump involves the following steps:
--> two potassium ions bind on the outside of the carrier protein and three sodium ions bind on the inside,
--> ATpase of the carrier protein cleaves one molecule of ATP, splitting it to Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and liberating a high-energy phosphate bond of energy.
--> this liberated energy then causes a chemical and conformational change in the carrier protein,
-->this leads to the extruding of three sodium ions (3Na+) to the outside and two potassium ions (2K+) to the inside.
Therefore in the operation of SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP moves sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell. The correct option is D.
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