Muscle cells can contract in response to stimuli. Moreover, muscle cells also have a large number of mitochondria and ribosomes for energy requirements and protein synthesis, respectively.
- All muscle cells can contract by the interaction of myosin and actin proteins, which form myofibrils, the repeating molecular structure of sarcomeres (the sarcomeres are the functional and structural unit for contraction).
- The globular heads of myosin bind to actin filaments, forming cross-bridges that cause the muscle cells to contract and expand.
- Ribosomes are organelles required for protein synthesis. Muscle cells have a lot of proteins, especially actin and myosin myofibrillar proteins, which are responsible for muscle fiber structure.
- Mitochondria are the energetic centers of the cell. In consequence, thousands of mitochondria can be observed in cells with high energy requirements such as muscle cells, which release a large amount of energy quickly for movement.
- Mitochondria, using oxygen available within the cells and metabolize food biomolecules to generate ATP (the energy coin of the cells) that power up the cell.
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