Protein domains are evolutionarily conserved regions of the proteins that play different biological functions. These regions can interact with DNA, RNA, and proteins (protein-protein interactions).
- In DNA binding proteins, protein domains interact with DNA in order to regulate transcription, replication, recombination, etc.
- DNA binding proteins such as transcription factors interact through amino acids localized in specific domains with the atoms exposed in the major groove of DNA. These atoms vary depending on the nucleotide that interacts with the transcription factor.
- Some of the most common motifs observed in protein domains that interact with DNA include, among others, the basic helix-loop-helix motif, leucine zipper motif, zink finger motif, etc.
- RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are proteins having specific domains that interact with RNA to form ribonucleoproteins.
- In protein interactions, protein domains interact with each other.
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