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Can someone please help me with these four questions?? Much thanks!!!

1. Which of the following cell types are part of the innate immune system? Select all that apply.
A. SALT cells in the skin
B. B cells
C. M cells
D. Neutrophils
E. T cells

2. Which of the following statements describes a way that bacteria could specifically subvert the natural killer cells of the immune system?
A. The bacteria prevents host cells from producing MHC I
B. The bacteria degrades antibodies in the bloodstream
C. The bacteria blocks the activity of perforin
D. The bacteria produces prostaglandins
E. The bacteria can survive at higher temperatures

3. Suppose you engineer a mutation into a type II secretion system. This mutation renders the machinery unable to extend and retract like a pilus would. What phenotype do you expect?
A. Toxin concentrations will build up in the periplasm
B. Toxin will not be produced by the bacterium
C. More toxins will be exported outside of the cell
D. Toxin molecules will not be properly folded
E. The toxin is rapidly degraded in the cytosol

4. Recent data suggest that the Moderna mRNA vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 generates more antibodies than the Pfizer mRNA vaccine (link to paper here). Based on what you learned in lecture, which type of antibody are the researchers interested in measuring? You don’t need to read the paper to determine the answer.
A. IgM
B. IgG
C. IgD
D. IgE
E. IgA

Sagot :

Innate immune system is the first line of defense against the germs which enters a human body. These are natural killer cells known as Neutrophils.

The correct answer to question 1 is D. Neutrophils.

Bacteria are considered as immune evasion micro organisms. The can subvert the natural killer cells of human immune system by preventing host cells from producing MHC I

The phenotype will be Toxin concentrations that build up in the periplasm. Type II secretion system is found in various negative bacteria which transport proteins from periplasm to outside the cell.

The correct answer is A.Toxin concentrations will build up in the periplasm

CoV-2 generates antibodies known as IgM which is most useful for determining the infection.

The correct answer is A. IgM

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