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Nazi Germany, also known as the Third Reich or Third Reich (German: Drittes Reich), was Germany during the period 1933 – 1945 under a dictatorship totalitarian controlled by Adolf Hitler and Nazi Party (NSDAP). Under Hitler's rule, Germany had transformed into a Fascist totalitarian state that governed almost every aspect of life. The official name of the country was Deutsches Reich (German Empire) from 1933 to 1943 and Großdeutsches Reich (Greater German Empire) from 1943 to 1945. Nazi Germany ended its existence in May 1945 after when he was defeated by the Allies, the event marked the end of the World War II in Europe.
On January 30, 1933, Hitler was appointed by the President of the Weimar Republic Paul von Hindenburg as Chancellor of Germany. Then the Nazi party began to eliminate all political opponents and consolidate its power. With the death of Hindenburg on August 2, 1934, Hitler became the dictator of Germany by merging the positions and powers of the Chancellor and the President. The results of a nationwide referendum held on August 19, 1934 confirmed Hitler as the only Führer of Germany. All power was concentrated in Hitler's hands, and his word was above all laws. The government was not a cooperative, coordinated body, but a collection of factions fighting for Hitler's power and interests. During the height of the Great Depression, the Nazis restored a stable economy and ended mass unemployment through heavy military spending and the use of the mixed economy. Major public works are under construction, including the Reichsautobahn expressway system. The economic recovery has increased people's love for the regime.
A prominent feature of Nazi Germany was the issue of racism, especially anti-Semitism. The Germanic peoples (Nordic races) are said to be the purest Aryan races , hence the superior races. Millions of "Jews" and "other victims, anyone whom the Nazis deemed "repulsive, lowly, undesirable", were persecuted and massacred during the Holocaust. Opponents who opposed Hitler's rule were brutally suppressed. The Nazis imprisoned, expelled, and murdered the liberals, socialists and communists. The Christian churches were also oppressed, with scores of leaders imprisoned. The education focuses on race biology, population policy, and physical training for military service. Women have limited career and educational opportunities. Tourism and leisure activities were organized through the program Kraft durch Freude, and Summer Olympics 1936 was an occasion for the Third Reich to introduce itself to the world. Propaganda Minister Joseph Goebbels used Hitler's movies, mass rallies, and rhetoric effectively to control public opinion. The government controls artistic expression, promotes specific art forms, and prevents or discourages others.
Over time, Nazi Germany became increasingly aggressive over territory and threatened to wage war if the issue was not met. In 1938 and 1939, respectively, the Nazis invaded Austria and then Czechoslovakia. Hitler signed with Joseph Stalin a treaty and then carried out the invasion of Poland in September 1939, the event that opened the second world war in Europe. By 1940, Nazi Germany in alliance with the Axis countries had conquered most of Europe and threatened to invade Britain. At the same time, the Nazis simultaneously rounded up and killed "hateful" "races" in "concentration camps" and "extermination camps". The implementation of apartheid policies culminated with the mass slaughter of the Jewish and other ethnic minorities during the Holocaust. In 1941 Hitler launched the invasion campaign of the Soviet Union and achieved significant initial victories. However, since 1943, Nazi Germany began to suffer great defeats militarily. By 1944, the number of large-scale bombing campaigns by Britain and the United States increased, and the Nazis had to withdraw from Eastern and Southern Europe, respectively. Following the events of the Allied liberation of France, Nazi Germany was defeated by the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front and other Allied countries in the West, finally forced to surrender in May 1945. In the last months At the end of the war, Hitler, refusing to accept defeat, ordered the destruction of all of Germany's infrastructure, thereby increasing the number of casualties related to the war. The victorious Allies initiated the Entnazifizierung (destroy, abolish Nazism) policy and brought a series of surviving former senior leaders of the regime to trial at the Nürnberg court.
