In order to understand which of the tubes are isotonic, we must understand that tonicity is the osmotic pressure generated by the difference in concentrations of two solutions.
In simpler terms, when we have two solutions with different concentrations of solute, this difference causes osmosis to occur. The pressure that this reaction produces is known as osmotic pressure. Tonicity is the comparison of these solutions to one another and can be classified as:
A hypertonic solution is one whose concentration of solute particles is higher than that of the solution it is being compared to. Meaning that this solution is placed on the other side of a membrane would cause water to move to it through osmosis. Conversely, a hypotonic solution would produce the opposite reaction by having a lower concentration.
Isotonic solutions, on the other hand, are those whose concentrations are equal to the solution they are being compared to. This means that if placed on the other side of a membrane they would remain in a balanced state and not cause a reaction. An isotonic solution to distilled water would be more distilled water.
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