A process common to all living organisms, whether aerobic or anaerobic, is glycolysis as part of the metabolism of all living organisms.
Glycolysis is the universally distributed metabolic pathway in all organisms and cells, by means of which a glucose molecule is degraded to two pyruvate molecules, in addition to producing energy in the form of ATP and NADH.
Specifically, ATP is the only high-energy phosphate that is formed primarily from the energy gain of the cell through oxidative processes (aerobic) or glycolysis (aerobic or anaerobic).
Glycolytic enzymes are located in the cytoplasm, near the contractile filaments, therefore, the ATP produced by the glycolytic pathway is formed near the place where it is used.
Phases:
- Preparatory: Four reactions: two are phosphorylation and consume 2 ATP per glucose molecule.
- The breakdown of hexose produces 2 trioses, which end in 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-P. .
- Oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (x 2) to pyruvate (x 2) and coupled formation of ATP in 2 of the reactions, in total 4 ATP and 2 NADH are formed.
In aerobics glycolysis consists of extracting energy from organic molecules from the oxidation of carbon by oxygen.
In anaerobic glycolysis the element used to achieve oxidation is not oxygen but sulfate or nitrate.
Therefore, we can conclude that a process common to all living organisms, whether aerobic or anaerobic, is glycolysis as part of the metabolism of all living organisms.
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