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Answer:
Before you begin to plan a scientific investigation you first a Perform background research to learn what is already known about the question you are trying to answer. You Create the data that will support your hypothesis.
Explanation:
Step 1: Record your observations.
These should be objective rather than subjective observations. In other words, the findings should be able to be independently verified by other scientists. Subjective observations based on personal views and opinions are not considered scientific. Here's an example of an objective statement: The temperature in this room is 58 degrees Fahrenheit. Here's an example of a subjective statement: This room has a pleasant temperature.
Making objective observations is the first stage in the Scientific Method. These assertions are based on specific events that have occurred and can be verified as true or incorrect by others.
Step 2: Come up with a hypothesis.
Our observations provide information about the past or present. We want to be able to forecast future events as scientists. As a result, we must rely on our reasoning abilities.
Scientists use historical data to establish a general principle or explanation that may be used to anticipate future events. A hypothesis is the term for the general principle. Inductive reasoning is the type of reasoning involved (deriving a generalization from specific details).
Step 3: Make an educated guess.
Step 2 resulted in a tentative hypothesis that may or may not be correct. How will we know whether our hypothesis is correct?
Our theory should be broad in scope and apply consistently over time and space. Scientists are rarely able to test every possible scenario in which a hypothesis could be valid. Consider the following hypothesis: A nucleus can be found in all plant cells. We can't test this idea by looking at every living plant and every plant that has ever lived. Instead, we use deductive reasoning to make a prediction. We can make the following prediction based on our hypothesis: Each cell in a blade of grass will contain a nucleus if I inspect it.
4. Carry out an experiment.
To gather information, we once again rely on our sensory sense. Based on our prediction, we devise an experiment.
The following is a possible scenario for our experiment: A total of 1000 patients aged 50 to 70 will be randomly allocated to one of two 500-person groups. The experimental group will receive Celebra four times daily, whereas the control group will receive a starch placebo four times daily. Patients will not be able to tell if their tablets are Celebra or placebo. The medications would be taken for two months by the patients. Medical exams will be performed at the end of the two-month period to see if the flexibility of the arms and fingers has changed.
Step 5. Analyze the results of the experiment.
The experiment produced the following results: 350 of the 500 people who took Celebra reported diminished arthritis as the end of the period. 65 of the 500 people who took the placebo reported improvement.
Step 6. Draw a conclusion.
From our analysis of the experiment, we have two possible outcomes: the results agree with the prediction or they disagree with the prediction. In our case, we can reject our prediction of no effect of Celebra. Because the prediction is wrong, we must also reject the hypothesis it was based on.
Step 7. Report your results.
Scientists publish their findings in scientific journals and books, in talks at national and international meetings and in seminars at colleges and universities. Disseminating results is an essential part of the scientific method. It allows other people to verify your results, develop new tests of your hypothesis or apply the knowledge you have gained to solve other problems.
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