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The Emancipation Proclamation, which went into effect 150 years ago on January 1, 1863, was a crucial moment in the fraught history of slavery in the United States.
While Abraham Lincoln rose to power as a result of his opposition to the extension of slavery into the western territories of the US, he was cautious in his thinking about emancipation in the time leading up to the Civil War. He personally favored a gradual emancipation with compensation to slave owners. He also supported the colonization movement which advocated the emigration of freed African Americans to such locations as Liberia.
After his election to the Presidency and the secession of the Southern states and the ensuing Civil War, beginning in 1861, Lincoln walked a fine political line in regards to slavery. Northern Abolotionists, a crucial part of his constituency, sought immediate legal status for slaves. Meanwhile, politically powerful interests in slave holding Union states, Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware, threatened to leave the Union if Lincoln freed the slaves.
As the War progressed, Lincoln came to see Emancipation as both a political and military strategy. To free the slaves in rebellious territories would take a crucial labor force from the Confederacy and bring it to the Union. After an indecisive but crucial battle at Antietam, Lincoln used the moment to issue the Emancipation Proclamations on September 22, 1862. This first Proclamation was an ultimatum to the South that as of January 1, 1863 all slaves in any areas under rebellion would be freed. The second Emancipation Proclamation was indeed issued on January 1, 1863 and completed the promise by freeing all slaves in all rebellious areas. The proclamation exempted the Border States and areas already under Union Control. It also said that African Americans would be able to serve in the Union military.
The Emancipation Proclamation was a major turning point in the Civil War in that it changed the aim of the war from preserving the Union to being a fight for human freedom, shifted a huge labor force that could benefit the Union war effort from the South to the North and forestalled the potential recognition of the Confederacy by England or France.
The Emancipation Proclamation was a major step on the path to the abolition of slavery that started with the slaves taking the initiative to escape from their owners in the first days of the war and was completed with the ratification of the 13th Amendment. After the Emancipation Proclamation African Americans’ aspirations changed from not just wanting freedom to wanting full citizenship and equality, a promise that wouldn’t be fully realized until the 1960s Civil Rights Movement.
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The Emancipation Proclamation, which came into effect on January 1, 1863, 150 years ago, was a decisive moment in the turbulent history of slavery in the United States.
Abraham Lincoln came to power in opposition to the expansion of slavery into the western territory of the United States but was carefully considering its liberation during the pre-Civil War period. He personally advocated gradual emancipation with compensation for slave owners. He also supported the colonization movement advocating the migration of liberated African-Americans to places like Liberia.
After the presidential election, the separation of the South Army, and the subsequent civil war that began in 1861, Lincoln followed a narrow political path regarding slavery. Northern abolitionists, an important part of his constituency, sought immediate legal status for slaves. Meanwhile, strong political interests in the slave-owning coalitions of Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, and Delaware threatened to abandon the coalition if Lincoln released slaves.
As the war progressed, Lincoln saw liberation as both a political and military strategy. Freeing slaves in rebellious areas will deprive the South Army of decisive human resources and bring them to the Union Army. After a decisive but decisive battle at Antietam, Lincoln captured the moment by issuing the Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862. This first declaration was the ultimatum to the South that after January 1, 1863, all slaves in all rebellious territories would be released. The second Emancipation Proclamation was actually issued on January 1, 1863, completing the promise by releasing all slaves in all rebellious territories. The proclamation released border states and territories already under the control of the Union. It also said that African Americans could serve in the Union Army.
The Emancipation Proclamation changed the purpose of the war from the protection of the North Army to the battle for human freedom and moved a huge labor force from the South that could benefit from the efforts of the Civil War. It was a major turning point. Interfered with possible perceptions of the South Army by the North and Britain or France.
The Emancipation Proclamation was an important step in the abolition of slavery, beginning with a slave initiative to flee its owners early in the war and ending with the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment. After the Emancipation Proclamation, the desire of African Americans changed from a desire for freedom to a desire for full citizenship and equality. This promise was not fully fulfilled until the civil rights movement of the 1960s.
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