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Sagot :
Explanation:
The Paris Peace Treaties (Versailles, Trianon and St-Germain) blamed Germany and Austria-Hungary equally for starting the war. The reason hardly anybody knows this fact is presumably because Austria and Hungary didn’t make a fuss about it. For Germany, though, the War Guilt Clause became the focus for all their frustrated anger and hurt pride at losing the war; something Hitler and the Nazis skillfully exploited in their propaganda.
As for who bears the blame:
- Austria-Hungary, for occupying Bosnia against the will of its inhabitants.
- A group of Bosnian teenagers, for deciding to form a resistance organisation to fight against Austrian rule using violence.
- A group of Serbian nationalist conspirators, for deciding to back those Bosnian resistance fighters with weapons.
- Austria-Hungary, for deciding to use the assassination of Franz Ferdinand as an excuse to attack Serbia even before the police investigation had found any proof of Serbian involvement. (And they never did prove the involvement of the Serbian government.)
- Germany, for promising absolute and unlimited support to Austria-Hungary for their planned invasion. This is crucial: Austria-Hungary would not have dared to take harsh action against Serbia by themselves, for fear of Russian intervention.
- Germany, for urging Austria-Hungary to ignore diplomacy and launch an immediate military invasion of Serbia.
- Russia and Serbia, for refusing to surrender to these threats, but instead putting their armies on alert while proposing a diplomatic solution with international arbitration.
- Germany, for sabotaging the British attempt to arrange a conference to mediate the crisis.
- France, for telling Germany that it would honour its alliance with Russia if Germany attacked Russia.
- Britain, for telling Germany that it would honour its alliance with Belgium if Germany attacked Belgium. (Some historians have advanced the argument that the war was Britain’s fault because this warning wasn’t explicit enough.)
- Austria-Hungary, for refusing to accept the Serbian concessions given in reply to their ultimatum.
- Austria-Hungary, for declaring war on Serbia.
- Germany, for declaring war on Russia.
- Germany, for declaring war on France.
- Germany, for invading Luxembourg.
- Germany, for invading Belgium.
- Britain, for honouring its treaty with Belgium by declaring war on Germany.
In other words: you can, at most, blame the other countries involved for refusing to back down when they were threatened, and making it clear that they were prepared to fight if diplomacy failed. But it was Germany and Austria-Hungary who were making the threats and ramping up the tension at each stage of the crisis, and them who shot first.
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