.What was one reform that Napoleon made after becoming the leader of France?


He established public education.

He merged criminal and civil law.

He granted equal rights to men and women.

He ended rule by monarchs or emperors.



What was the effect of Tsar Alexander II’s reforms in Russia?


They allowed people to leave factories and work on farms.

They did little to improve health and education in Russia.

They came into conflict with the wishes of local leaders.

They helped Russia become a more modern nation.



How did the Seven Weeks’ War affect German unification?


It allowed Prussia to unite with the northern German states.

It allowed Otto von Bismarck to form the German Confederation.

It made King Wilhelm I the leader of Austria as well as Prussia.

It gave the Austrian Empire control of the region of Bohemia.



What was a positive outcome of the nationalism that swept across Europe in the 1800s?


It helped end tension between Europeans of different backgrounds.

It helped strengthen European empires and make Europe more stable.

It helped to unify people and give them a sense of national identity.

It helped end discrimination of minority groups in large nation-states.



How did Marie d’Agoult play an important role in the French Revolution of 1848?


She supported Louis-Napoleon’s rise to power.

She hosted salons and political discussions.

She advocated for the Catholic Church.

She pushed for a new emperor to rule.



How did Napoleon take control of the French government in 1799?


He fought in the French Revolution.

He became leader of the French army.

He overthrew the five-member Directory.

He declared himself the emperor of France.



Which event marked the final defeat of Napoleon?


his exile on Elba

the Battle of Trafalgar

the Battle of Waterloo

his invasion of Russia



How did Napoleon reform the tax system in France?


He ended taxation and instead raised money by conquest.

He appointed special officials to collect the taxes.

He put taxation in the hands of the local mayors.

He allowed taxes to be collected by the Catholic Church.



How did Otto Von Bismarck contribute to the unification of Germany?


He formed an alliance with France and combined the French and Prussian armies.

He overthrew the king of Prussia, Wilhelm I.

He helped Austria win its independence from the German Confederation.

He used Prussia’s powerful army to defeat Austria and France and unify the German states.