Most Bedouins are animal herders who migrate into the desert during the rainy winter season
and move back toward the cultivated land in the dry summer months. Bedouin tribes have
traditionally been classified according to the animal species that are the basis of their
livelihood. Camel nomads occupy huge territories and are organized into large tribes in the
Sahara, Syrian, and Arabian deserts. Sheep and goat nomads have smaller ranges, staying
mainly near the cultivated regions of Jordan, Syria, and Iraq. Cattle nomads are found chiefly in
South Arabia and in Sudan, where they are called Baqqarah (Baggara). Historically many
Bedouin groups also raided trade caravans and villages at the margins of settled areas or
extracted payments from settled areas in return for protection.
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