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True or false: (a) If A2 is defined then A is necessarily square. (b) If AB and BA are defined then A and Bare square. (c) If AB and BA are defined then AB and BA are square. (d) If AB

Sagot :

(a) True. Suppose A is a not a square matrix, with m rows and n columns. Then A² is not defined, because you can't multiply an m×n matrix by another m×n matrix.

(b) False. As an example, consider the matrices

[tex]A_{3\times2} = \begin{bmatrix}1&0\\0&1\\0&0\end{bmatrix}[/tex]

[tex]B_{2\times3} = \begin{bmatrix}-1&0&1\\0&0&1\end{bmatrix}[/tex]

Then both AB and BA are defined, with

[tex]AB_{3\times3} = \begin{bmatrix}-1&0&1\\0&0&1\\0&0&0\end{bmatrix}[/tex]

[tex]BA_{2\times2} = \begin{bmatrix}-1&0\\0&0\end{bmatrix}[/tex]

In general, you can multiply any m×n by any n×m matrix.

(c) True. Multiplying a m×n matrix by a n×m matrix always yields a m×m matrix, and multiplying a n×m matrix by a m×n matrix always yields a n×n matrix.