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Marxism was the belief that the middle class, or the bourgeoise, should be eliminated because they leech off of the work of the lower class. Marx believed that the basis for all conflict was class struggle, and in order to eradicate war, everyone has to have equal opportunity. The only way to do that, he concludes, is to give all land and property to a temporary government. The ultimate goal of Marxism was to eventually dissolve organized government and let mankind live in equal, no-property life.
In the context of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1991, government leaders (i.e., Josef Stalin) were heavily influenced by Marxist thought. They applied Marxism with biology, law, order, and policies. They were so convinced that communism was the natural state of the world that despite glaring and detrimental effects of their own policies (like the theory of Lysenkoism), they believed it was the bourgeoise that purposefully sabotaged and starved themselves out of spite.
In the modern day, many still believe that Marx was on the right track to achieving economic and social utopia. This thought has revolutionized work forces and labor, along with the concept that a laborer (called the proletariat in The Communist Manifesto) owned what they made.
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