Traditional gender norms were challenged by the economic and social changes of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, which included increased urbanization, immigration, scientific and technological advancements, patterns of consumption and the availability of new goods, as well as growing protests against economic, gender, and racial inequalities and growing protests against racial inequalities. As metropolitan environments and altering cultural and social values provided unprecedented possibilities to challenge established gender and se**ual conventions, they also provided unparalleled opportunities for social change. Many women fought for the right to vote. They became activists, launching labor rights movements as well as a resurgence of the suffrage movement in the process.
