The option that best explains why soil salinization is a concern in the arid landscape is; Irrigation increases the salt content of the soil, which disrupts the growth of crops and degrades soil fertility.
Soil salinization is defined as the accumulation of water-soluble salts within soil layers above a certain level.
Now, an Increase in soil salinity will lead to total crop failure in a field due to the fact that plants need to take up water from the soil for growth and development. However the salinity levels of this soil will draw water from the plants by osmosis since the soil water will be hypertonic to the plant's cells cytoplasm as well as seeds.
In osmosis, water moves from the hypotonic solution to the hypertonic solution via a semi-permeable membrane until osmotic equilibrium is achieved. Thus, planted seeds will find it hard to germinate and plants will wilt and die as a consequence.
The missing options are;
A) Forests are being cleared as land is re purposed for agricultural uses, which reduces biodiversity in the region.
B) Land is being farmed so intensively that soil nutrients are degraded to the point that crops will not grow.
C) Irrigation increases the salt content of the soil, which disrupts the growth of crops and degrades soil fertility.
D) Fields are left fallow after being farmed intensively so that nutrients in the soil may be replenished.
E) Multiple crops are being planted into the same field, which increases the chances of pest damage.
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