Explanation:
Fungi
The prominent role of fungi in the environment is in the carbon cycle, during the process of decomposition, especially in the soil.
Algae
The algae are also an important part of the carbon cycle. They are the predominant photosynthetic organisms in many aquatic environments. The algae are autotrophs, which means they use carbon dioxide (CO2) as a source of carbon for growth. Hence they convert atmospheric CO2 into organic material (i.e., algal cells).
Prokaryotic bacteria and archaea
As a result of their diversity and unique types of metabolism, are involved in the cycles of virtually all essential elements. Methanogenesis (conversion of carbon dioxide into methane) are unique to prokaryotes and earns them their "essential role" in the carbon cycle.
Bacterial heterotrophs
They are important in the carbon chain for the processes of biodegradation and decomposition under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
In bacteria, there is a unique type of photosynthesis that does not use H2O or produce O2 which impacts on the carbon and sulfur cycles.
Cyanobacteria fix CO2 and produce O2 during photosynthesis, and they make a very large contribution to the carbon and oxygen cycles.
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