"We hold that the policy known as imperialism is hostile to liberty and tends toward militarism, an evil from which it has been our glory to be free. We regret that it has become necessary in the land of Washington and Lincoln to reaffirm that all men, of whatever race or color, are entitled to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness …
"We earnestly condemn the policy of the present national administration in the Philippines. It seeks to extinguish the spirit of 1776 in those islands.... We denounce the slaughter of the Filipinos as a needless horror. We protest against the extension of American sovereignty by Spanish methods. We demand the immediate cessation of the war against liberty, begun by Spain and continued by us. We urge that Congress be promptly convened to announce to the Filipinos our purpose to concede to them the independence for which they have so
long fought and which of right is theirs."
. —Platform of the American Anti-imperialist League, October 17, 1899

Which of the following most directly contributed to the anti-imperialist sentiments expressed in the excerpt?
(A) The sensationalism of the popular press of the time
(B) The provisions of the peace treaty ending the Spanish-American War
(C) The expansionist politics of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge
(D) The debate over the Platt Amendment and its consequences