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Sagot :
Answer:
Upton Sinclair:
- The Jungle was written by Upton Sinclair to illustrate the dreadful working conditions in the meatpacking business. His description of diseased, rotten, and contaminated meat astounded the public, prompting the creation of new federal food safety regulations.
John Muir:
- Muir's efforts were instrumental in the establishment of numerous national parks, including Sequoia (1890), Mount Rainier (1899), and the Grand Canyon (1877). (1908). He argued that "only Uncle Sam" could safeguard our country's land for future generations to enjoy, a concept that led to the National Park Service's establishment in 1916.
Explanation:
John Muir (April 21, 1838, Dunbar, East Lothian, Scotland—December 24, 1914, Los Angeles, California, United States), Scottish-born American naturalist, writer, and campaigner for U.S. forest conservation who was instrumental in the creation of Sequoia and Yosemite National Parks in California. The Jungle was written by Upton Sinclair to illustrate the dreadful working conditions in the meatpacking business. His description of diseased, rotten, and contaminated meat astounded the public, prompting the creation of new federal food safety regulations. Progressives had begun to target large firms like Standard Oil, U.S. Steel, and the Armour meat-packing industry for their unethical practices before the turn of the century. The progressives exposed how these corporations stifled competition, imposed exorbitant prices, and treated employees like "wage slaves." A substantial reform movement had formed in the United States prior to the start of the twentieth century. The reformers, also known as progressives, were reacting to the issues brought by the fast rise of manufacturing and cities. Progressives first focused on improving the lives of those living in slums and eliminating government corruption.However, progressives disagreed on how to effectively govern these large corporations. Anti-monopoly laws were proposed by some progressives as a way to break up huge firms. Others thought state or federal government regulation would be more effective. A rising number of people advocated for socialism, or public ownership of businesses. All of these recommendations were rebuffed by the owners of huge enterprises, who insisted that they be left alone to manage their firms as they saw proper. Theodore Roosevelt was the president when the progressive reformers were gathering strength. Assuming the presidency in 1901 after the assassination of William McKinley, he remained in the White House until 1909. Roosevelt favored large-scale enterprises. "The corporation is here to stay," he declared. But he favored government regulation of them "with due regard of the public as a whole." Roosevelt did not always approve of the progressive-minded journalists and other writers who exposed what they saw as corporate injustices. When David Phillips, a progressive journalist, wrote a series of articles that attacked U.S. senators of both political parties for serving the interests of big business rather than the people, President Roosevelt thought Phillips had gone too far. He referred to him as a man with a "muck-rake." Even so, Roosevelt had to admit, "There is filth on the floor, and it must be scraped up with the muck-rake." The term "muckraker" caught on. It referred to investigative writers who uncovered the dark side of society. Few places had more "filth on the floor" than the meat- packing houses of Chicago. Upton Sinclair, a largely unknown fiction writer, became an "accidental muckraker" when he wrote a novel about the meat-packing industry.
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