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The Great Depression, aside from the Civil War, was the most serious crisis in American history. The United States appeared to be falling apart, just as it had during the Civil War, at least at the start of the 1930s. Despite the turbulence and panic, the Great Depression's long-term effects were more reassuring than revolutionary. The reforms enacted by Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal and his administration's attempts to deal with the problems of poverty, unemployment, and the disintegration of the American economy were undeniably an era of extraordinary political innovation. It was also a period when a sizable number of Americans dabbled in Marxist movements and ideas, as well as the notion that the model for a just society was the Soviet Union.
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