The train chief collects everybody's weapons because the tribesmen battled in the desert, leaving the oasis as a safe space.
What is context of Santiago in The Alchemist?
As indicated by the book The Alchemist, the procession chief takes his gathering to an oasis where they could stay until the battling stops and they can go out.
Basically, the oasis is a safe space where individuals can hang out until the savagery outside stops.
Along these lines, when they showed up at the oasis, the pioneer collects their weapons because it is not permitted in the oasis.
This is because the main battling that is done can't avoid being done outside in the desert and not in the oasis.
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