Answer:
B) big bang, cosmic dark ages, formation of first stars, formation of galaxies
Explanation:
1: The Big Bang
A catastrophe creates space and time, as well as all the matter and energy the cosmos will ever contain. The cosmos is an immensely dense, hot inferno for an incomprehensibly small fraction of a second. According to popular belief, a strange sort of energy can abruptly force the fabric of space apart. At [tex]10^{-35}[/tex] to [tex]10^{-33[/tex] Inflation, a runaway process, creates a tremendous expansion of space filled with this energy in seconds. Only when this energy is turned into matter and energy as we know it does the inflationary period come to an end.
2: The Universe Takes Shape
The universe continues to expand after inflation, one millionth of a second after the Big Bang, although not nearly as swiftly. It becomes less dense and cools as it spreads. The most fundamental forces in nature emerge: gravity, then the strong force, which keeps atom nuclei together, then the weak and electromagnetic forces. The cosmos is built up of fundamental particles and energy by the first second: quarks, electrons, photons, neutrinos, and other less recognizable forms. Protons and neutrons are formed when these particles collide.
3: Formation of Basic Elements
The nuclei of basic elements such as hydrogen, helium, and lithium are made up of protons and neutrons. To form stable atoms, electrons must be collected into orbits around these nuclei for another 300,000 years.
4: The Radiation Era
The first significant epoch in the universe's history is one in which most of the energy is in the form of radiation, including various wavelengths of light, X-rays, radio waves, and ultraviolet rays. This energy is a leftover from the original fireball, and as the universe expands, the waves of radiation are stretched and diluted until they now make up the faint light of microwaves that blanket the whole cosmos.
5: Beginning the Era of Matter Domination
The energy in matter and the energy in radiation are currently equal. However, as the expansion proceeds, light waves are stretched to lower and lower energies, while matter continues to flow unimpeded. As electrons connect with hydrogen and helium nuclei, neutral atoms form about this time. The microwave background radiation originates at this time, giving us a clear picture of how matter was dispersed at that time.
6: Birth of Stars and Galaxies
Gravity magnifies minor density abnormalities in the primordial gas. Even as the cosmos continues to expand at a breakneck pace, gas pockets become increasingly dense. Within these pockets, stars ignite, and groupings of stars form the first galaxies. This moment might be somewhere between 12 and 15 billion years before the present.
