The historical circumstances began when Chinese intellectuals and political leaders ask themselves question in regards to how China is to view itself.
What is the historical circumstances about?
The Chinese were said to have made a lot of effort to be more modernize but they were said to have failed.
The presence of the communist party was one that gave rise to economic and political changes.
Note also that the effect of the World War II and the Civil War in the Japanese imperialism was said to have given China an advantage economically and also made them politically vulnerable.
Note also that China depended on agriculture and because of the Cold War, they still carried on their communist policies.
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