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Sagot :
Speciation occurs when there is genetic divergence between two separated groups that used to belong to the same population. Option B) one group live with a stronger predator.
What is speciation?
When the original species is divided and placed in different environments, where they can reproduce for many generations, many changes or mutations will occur in each group.
These changes will depend on each group's environment and its ecological pressures.
Pressures act on individuals and make them adapt to the new environmental conditions.
Generation after generation, the genotype of individuals will increase the fitness to survive and reproduce. The fixation of mutations will increase the difference among both groups, up to the diverging point into two new species.
What factors lead to speciation?
One of the main factors that lead to speciation is separating an original population into two or more different groups divided by natural or atificial barriers that can not be crossed. This is the case of allopatric speciation.
After the emergence of the barrier, there is an interruption in the genetic interchange between these groups. New mutations might occur in each group due to environmental differences, leading to genetic divergence over time.
Options
a. have one group breed twice as often as the other.
Assuming identical environmental conditions for both groups, if the genetic charge does not change, there should not be speciation even if one of the populations gets to reproduce more frequently than the other.
b. have one group live with a much stronger predator.
The fact that one of the groups is exposed to a stronger predator and the other group is not, changes the environmental conditions for one of them. The group exposed to the stronger predator will suffer mutations that lead it to adapt to the presence of this new predator. In this case, there will be a genetic divergence between the two groups and hence, speciation.
c. keep the two groups apart, but in identical ecosystems.
Under identical environmental conditions, there is no speciation.
d. force the two groups to breed with each other.
There is genetic flow and the same genetic charge, so there is no speciation.
The correct option is B) have one group live with a much stronger predator.
You can learn more about speciation at
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