A 75-year-old male with long-standing hypertension and angina due to coronary heart disease presents with ankle edema, nocturia, increased shortness of breath with activity, and a chronic nonproductive cough. He has a past history of smoking two packs per day and is an ex-alcoholic. His blood pressure is 170/80 and his heart rate is 100. Electrocardiography and chest radiography indicate the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy.

A. Relate the presence of uncontrolled hypertension and coronary artery disease to the development of heart failure in this man.

B. Explain the significance of left ventricular hypertrophy in terms of both a compensatory mechanism and as a pathologic mechanism in the progression of heart failure.

C. Explain the management and treatment for this diagnosis.

Question

03-07-2022
Medicine

Answered

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A 75-year-old male with long-standing hypertension and angina due to coronary heart disease presents with ankle edema, nocturia, increased shortness of breath with activity, and a chronic nonproductive cough. He has a past history of smoking two packs per day and is an ex-alcoholic. His blood pressure is 170/80 and his heart rate is 100. Electrocardiography and chest radiography indicate the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy.

A. Relate the presence of uncontrolled hypertension and coronary artery disease to the development of heart failure in this man.

B. Explain the significance of left ventricular hypertrophy in terms of both a compensatory mechanism and as a pathologic mechanism in the progression of heart failure.

C. Explain the management and treatment for this diagnosis.

Sagot :

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aliasger2709 aliasger2709 · Answer 1 · 2022-07-05T06:35:56-04:00

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a common disease that leads to heart diseases. Hypertension and CAD lead to heart diseases as they narrow the vessels and weaken the cardiac muscles.

What is heart failure?

Heart failure is a disease condition that is caused by weakened muscles that hinder the function of the heart to pump the blood to the blood efficiently.

Uncontrolled hypertension narrows the vessels that block the blood flow and CAD on other hand weakens the cardiac muscles that do not allow the heart to pump blood and hence resulting in heart failure.

Left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure can be avoided if hypertension is treated as LVH is a response towards the high blood pressure that affects the myocardial structure. If LVH is not treated then it may lead to systolic heart failure.

This disease or symptoms can be managed by reducing the salt content in the diet so that fluid retention is reduced. Diuretics like thiazides are used in the treatment to balance the venous pressure and blood volume and hence the edema is reduced.

Learn more about hypertension here:

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What is heart failure?

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