The name of the multifamily dwellings in many American cities that were usually between four and six stories high and housed dozens of families living side by side was tenements.
Tenements were small, low-rise apartment buildings that were frequently crowded, dimly lit, and lacking in indoor plumbing and adequate ventilation. Many of these tenements were located in the Lower East Side neighborhood of the city. Two-thirds of New York City's population, or over 2.3 million people, were residing in tenement buildings by 1900.
The typical tenement building was five to seven stories tall and took up almost the entire lot (usually 25 feet wide and 100 feet long). Many tenements were originally single-family homes, and many older buildings were changed into tenements by expanding them in the backyard or by adding floors to the top. Little air and light could enter with less than a foot of space between buildings.
There was no ventilation in the interior rooms of many tenements, and the only apartments that received light were those facing the street. Later, speculators started constructing brand-new tenements, frequently utilizing low-quality materials and expedient building techniques. Even when brand-new, this type of home was at best uncomfortably unsafe and at worst extremely so.
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