The given statement simpson’s paradox occurs whenever including a lurking variable causes you to rethink the direction of an association is true.
Since, we know that
A variable that we did not include in our analysis, that could susbtantially change our intepretation of the data if we did include it, is called a lurking variable.
Including a lurking variable may
- Have no effect
- make you re- think the cause of phenomenon
- Make you re-think the direction of an association.
And,
When including a lurking variable causes you to re-think the direction of an association, this is called Simpson's paradox.
Hence, the given statement simpson’s paradox occurs whenever including a lurking variable causes you to rethink the direction of an association is true.
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