For converting 1 mole of glucose to lactate only 2 high energy phosphate (ATP) is required. There is 7 ATP are produced per mole of glucose in glycolysis aerobically but aerobic respiration pyruvate is converted to lactate by dehydrogenase at cost of 2 NADH.
Glucose gets rearranged during the starting molecules and two phosphate groups are attached to it. These phosphate groups make the modified sugar- now called fructose -1, 6- bis-phosphate unstable and allowing it to split in half and form two phosphate bearing three carbon sugars.
In the process of glycolysis the direct transfer of high energy phosphate from 1,3- diphosphoglyceric acid and phosphoenol pyruvate to adenine diphosphate which result in the formation of two ATP molecules.
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