Explanation:
Speciation occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics.
The demands of a different environment or the characteristics of the members of the new group will differentiate the new species from their ancestors.
Allopatric speciation (1) occurs when a species separates into two separate groups which are isolated from one another.
Each species develops differently based on the demands of their unique habitat or the genetic characteristics of the group that are passed on to offspring.
When small groups of individuals break off from the larger group and form a new species, this is called peripatric speciation (2).
The main difference between allopatric speciation and peripatric speciation is that in peripatric speciation, one group is much smaller than the other.
Like allopatric and peripatric speciation, different habitats influence the development of different species in parapatric speciation.
Sometimes a species that is formed by parapatric speciation is especially suited to survive in a different kind of environment than the original species.
Sympatric speciation occurs when there are no physical barriers preventing any members of a species from mating with another, and all members are in close proximity to one another.
The two types of maggots are not different species yet, but many scientists believe they are undergoing the process of sympatric speciation.
