The lithosphere is the upper layer of the solid Earth.
Some important facts about the lithosphere:
- It includes the upper part of the mantle and the Earth's crust (both continental and oceanic crusts)
- It's hard, cool, and rocky. The rocks in it are not viscous as the ones in the lower layers.
- It is divided into tectonic plates that interact by tearing apart, collision, or sliding one against the other. This tectonic activity causes natural disasters like earthquakes, tsunamis, or volcanic eruptions. It also can give shape to the Earth's crust, by generating new landforms like chains of mountains, dorsals or fosses.
- It is bounded by the lower layer of the mantle, the asthenosphere, which is viscous and warmer, and the atmosphere.
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