According to the random lining of homologous chromosomes, one single pair of homologous chromosomes has 2 possible orientations. The number of random alignments in the cell is 2ⁿ. Here, 2ⁿ = 16.
What is the random alignment of homologous chromosomes?
The random lining of homologous chromosomes (metaphase 1) is one of the three mechanisms involved in genetic variation, together with Crossing-over and random fertilization.
Gamete formation involves the random and independent segregation of the alleles.
During metaphase I, homologous pairs migrate to the equatorial plane, where they randomly aline with their kinetochores facing opposite poles.
The random arrangement of tetrads is different in every cell going through the meiosis process. There is no equal alinement between two cells.
During Anaphase I, occurs independent segregation of homologous chromosomes. In this stage, each of the homologous chromosomes migrates forward to the pole they are facing.
Each of the chromosomes has two possibilities for orientation at the plane. They can face one pole or the other, and this random arrangement is what introduces variation into the gametes.
This separation generates different chromosomal combinations in the daughter cells. There are two alternatives per homologous pair.
The number of different random alignments of the homologous chromosomes equals the number of gametes with different combinations, which is 2ⁿ, where n = number of homologous pairs.
In the exposed example there are 4 pairs of chromosomes (eight chromosomes in total), so
the number of random alignments = 2ⁿ = 2⁴ = 16
You can learn more about the random alignments of homologous chromosomes at
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