gradient, in mathematics, a differential operator applied to a three-dimensional vector-valued function to yield a vector whose three components are the partial derivatives of the function with respect to its three variables. The symbol for gradient is ∇.
Electrical potential acting on an ion and driving it in one direction or another is the definition of an electrical gradient..
The migration of particles (solutes) from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration, separated by a membrane, is referred to as a concentration gradient.
An ion can travel across a membrane depending on the concentration of a solute thanks to an electrochemical gradient, which combines an electrical gradient with a concentration gradient.
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