Volcanoes are classified by geologists into four types:
These are the most basic types of volcanoes. They form when lava particles and blobs are released from a volcanic vent.
The lava is fiercely thrown into the air, and fragments fall around the vent. This eventually forms a round or oval-shaped cone with a bowl-shaped crater at the top. Cinder cone volcanoes seldom reach heights greater than 1,000 feet above their surroundings.
Some of the world's most notable mountains are composed of composite volcanoes or stratovolcanoes, such as Mount Rainier, Mount Fuji, and Mount Cotopaxi. These volcanoes include a conduit system that transports magma from deep below the Earth to the surface.
These are big, wide volcanoes that, from above, resemble shields, thus the name. Because the lava that spews from shield volcanoes is thin, it may travel long distances down the volcano's shallow slopes.
Small quantities of lava that are too viscous (thick) to travel very far form volcanic or lava domes. In contrast to shield volcanoes, which have low-viscosity lava, magma from volcanic domes simply piles up above and around the vent.
Because silica plays a role in defining viscosity, and because many other features of a lava (such as temperature) have been shown to correlate with silica concentration, silicate lavas are classified into four chemical classes depending on silica content:
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