Technological advancement -The moldboard plough and its close relative, the heavy plough, were the most important agricultural technological innovations in the Middle Ages. These two ploughs allowed mediaeval farmers to exploit Northern Europe's fertile but heavy clay soils.
The three-crop rotation was the biggest and best change in farming during medieval times, where three strips of the field would be used in rotation to keep fecund soil. Vertical windmills and vastly improved water mills helped as well.
Between the years 1050 and 1300, Europe underwent an agricultural revolution. Crop yields multiplied by at least threefold. It was important before Industrial revolution.
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